Lady Zaynab bint Jahsh
A Woman of High Morals
The Life of Zaynab bint Jahsh
She was famed for her generosity, excellence in morality
and helpfulness. She spent her earnings in the way of God and on the poor
Zaynab bint Jahsh is the daughter of Umayya bint Abdul Muttalib,
the paternal aunt of the Prophet. Her real name is "Barra" and the name
Zaynab was given to her by the Prophet.
Zaynab's father is Jahsh ibn Riyab, who moved to Makkah
and settled there. She married Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, in the fifth
year of Hijrah.
Given the title "Umm-ul Hakam", Zaynab is among
the first female companions of the Prophet to have migrated to Madinah.
A very beautiful and intelligent woman in addition to
being the daughter of the Prophet's aunt, she was among the first of the
Prophet's wives to have seen herself as competition to Lady Aisha. Aisha
herself reciprocated these sentiments toward Zaynab, saying: "She saw
herself as being my counterpart."
Her Decency
She was famed for her generosity,
excellence in morality and helpfulness.
excellence in morality and helpfulness.
Zaynab’s sensitivity and fear of Allah regarding matters
of belief and acts of faith as well as her being one of the first individuals
to become Muslim was noted by everyone including Prophet Muhammad, who, for
this, had a great deal of love and respect for her.
Our beloved Mother Zaynab was a sincere Muslim and a
believer very much tied to her beliefs. She had taken it upon herself to lead a
life distanced from anything not pleasing to Allah. She had given our Prophet
the title of "Awwah." When the companions asked our Prophet,
"What is awwah Prophet of Allah?" he explained: "Awwah
is one who is humble in prayer, one who sincerely begs Allah and Allah alone."
She is a woman who is most respectful to Allah, most truthful,
most mindful of relatives and most generous in giving charity. She had
testified in favor of Aisha, her rival, following the incident in which Aisha
had been slandered, saying, "I know nothing of Aisha except what is
good."
She was famed for her generosity, excellence in morality
and helpfulness. She worked for her sustenance and would spend her earnings in
the way of God and on the poor. About her, Aisha said: "I have never seen
a woman more beneficent than Zaynab where religion is concerned.
Old Customs Abolished
Neither Zaynab nor her brother Abdullah welcomed the
idea of a noble and free woman marrying a freed slave.
Prior to Islam, if a man wanted to adopt a child, he would
announce this in public, and the child would thereby be considered his own; called
with the name of the father and essentially becoming his father's successor.
This custom of adoption, which was preserved into the
first few years of Islam, was banned and the wide-spread understanding that
"the wives of adopted children could not be married to the adopter,"
thus needed to be abolished.
Along with the revelation that Allah does not accept
adopted children as biological children, Zayd, who was adopted by the Prophet
and called Zayd ibn Muhammad, began to be called Zayd ibn Harithah, after his
own father.
Thus, according to God’s revelations, the Prophet was to
take Zayd, whom he was emotionally attached to, out of his adoption as
consequently his wife Zaynab was no longer considered our Prophet's
daughter-in-law. Zaynab’s first marriage was with Zayd Bin Harithah, who was a
slave freed by the Prophet and whom he loved as though he was his own child.
Prophet Muhammad personally arranged the marriage of his
cousin Zaynab to Zayd. According to Arab traditions, a noble Arab woman could
not marry a slave as Arabs placed a great deal of significance on lineage;
classifying and evaluating people not on their personal accomplishments and
traits, but the lineage which they came from.
For this reason, the Prophet began with his own family
members in abolishing this old tradition and perception to ensure that the old
tradition would be erased.
As well known, one of the Prophet's methods of delivering
the message was through his personal application of commands and restrictions
ordered by Allah; if he was unable to or did not have the opportunity to apply
the commandments himself, we would have his relatives apply the command or
restriction. This is because for the Messenger of Allah no factor should give
one exception or privilege, except for the fear of Allah:
"Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah
is (he who is) the most righteous of you." (Al- Hujurat 49; 13).
Thus, the deep-rooted belief of privileged class needed to
be abolished. And this ban needed be realized through one of the most sensitive
issues: marriage.
Zaynab, the daughter of our Prophet's aunt and Abdullah ibn
Jahsh, was thereby a good candidate for a marriage that would be exemplary. One
day, when Zaynab's potential marriage was being discussed, our Prophet ruled that
the time had come for an old and bad custom to be abolished and asked for
Zaynab's hand in marriage for his adopted son, Zayd. Neither Zaynab nor her
brother Abdullah welcomed the idea of a noble and free woman marrying a freed
slave. They both asked Prophet Muhammad whether someone like him would be
suitable for their family. Zaynab even went a step further and actually said
that she will not marry someone like Zayd.
Zaynab finally agreed to this marriage in order to follow
the orders of the Prophet. However, she was just not able to warm up to Zayd,
and therefore a continual state of unease took place in the absence of
emotions. This marriage didn’t work out and about a year later Zayd consulted
with the Prophet, stating that he could no longer continue with it. The Prophet
was sorry to hear this:
“And when you, Muhammad, said to him on whom Allah has
conferred favor and you have conferred favor: Keep your wife to yourself, and
fear Allah.” (Al-Ahzab 33; 37)
Despite the Prophet’s advice to them, neither Zayd nor
Zaynab could make it work as Zayd consequently made a final decision to divorce
his wife whom he did not wish to be with.
After some time had elapsed, it was time for yet another
bad custom to be abolished. This particular custom was the treatment of adopted
children as though they were biological children and their wives to be treated
like actual daughters-in-law.
New Life
... she was truly a righteous woman. She would fast much
and wake up for night prayers. She was a woman of skills and she would disburse
the earnings of her work entirely to the needy
After Zayd and Zaynab were divorced, Prophet Muhammad was
faced with two realities; one was that his cousin was a divorced woman
following an unsuccessful marriage. The second was that according the Jahiliyyah
(pre-Islamic) beliefs, Zaynab could now only marry a slave. Consequently, the
Prophet felt obliged, particularly towards his relatives, to mend these wounds.
In the end, this principal brought on by Islam, would in
certainty become put into practice through him as a matter of fact:
"But you did hide in your heart that which Allah was about
to make manifest: you did fear the people, but it is more fitting that you should
fear Allah. Then when Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her, with the necessary
(formality), We joined her in marriage to you: in order that (in future)there
may be no difficulty to the Believers in (the matter of) marriage with the wives
of their adopted sons, when the latter have dissolved with the necessary (formality)
(their marriage) with them. And Allah's command must be fulfilled." (Al-Ahzab 33; 37).
Despite the order to marry Zaynab was a very difficult one
for the Prophet, it was impossible for him to dismiss since it was God’s
command. The marriage had taken place in the eyes of Allah, with the angels
acting as witnesses. When the verses regarding the Prophet's marriage to Zaynab
were revealed, the Prophet was asked to go to Zaynab and tell her that Allah
had wed her to him in the heavens, and proceeded to repeat the revealed verses.
It was said Prophet Muhammad gave an incredible Walima (wedding
feast) which he had not given for any of his other wives on the day of his
marriage to Zaynab where about 300 people were invited.
Thus, Lady Zaynab, who was married to Zayd just in order
to fulfill the command of Allah and His messenger, was rewarded for her
compliance by being married to the Prophet of Allah following her divorce from
Zayd. Undoubtedly this was the most beautiful and sacred of marriages to have
ever taken place because it was implemented by Allah through the delegation of
the angel Jibreel.
The esteem of Zaynab, which had suffered a blow with her
marriage to Zayd, was being restored with her marriage to the Prophet, who knew
about the sense of belittlement that Zaynab felt with being married to a former
slave. With her new marriage, Zaynab, one of the most noble of Arab families
then, would be able to salvage her damaged dignity.
Zaynab married Prophet Muhammad, after his marriage to Umm
Salamah, in the fifth year of Hijrah. She was 35 years of age when she married
the Prophet, who was 57 or 58 at the time.
Multi-Talented
Lady Zaynab was a clever woman; she could skin animals
that had been butchered, gut them and allow them to dry. She was good at sewing
and doing alterations on clothing. She could process animal skin in accordance
with the methods of that time and sew clothing leather, spending what she
earned in the way of Allah.
Umm Salamah, one of the wives of the Prophet, when
speaking of Zaynab, would say: "The Prophet appreciated Zaynab bint Jahsh
and spoke of her often; she was truly a righteous woman. She would fast much
and wake up for night prayers. She was a woman of skills and she would disburse
the earnings of her work entirely to the needy." In another narration it
is said that: "Zaynab was a handcrafts artist; she would process leather,
sew and spend in charity in the way of Allah."
Zaynab would spend her entire earnings of her own hard
work on the needy, divorced and orphaned.
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